Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): UCP Journal of Law and Legal Education

Volume 2, Issue 2, UCP-JLLE contains five articles. The first four articles explore concerns within the areas of Technology and Artificial Intelligence, whereas the discussion in the last falls within the domain of international law.  In the first paper, Aly Hassam Ul Haq discusses the right to privacy and personal data protection in the context of emerging threats due to the increasing digital data collection. The author analyses Pakistan’s Proposed Personal Data Protection Bill of 2021 in the light of fundamental principles relating to protecting privacy and personal data derived from international best practices. While holding that the proposed bill does not meet international standards, the author suggests amendments to the same in the interest of the Right to privacy and personal data protection of all data subjects. M.P. Ramaswamy authors the second article. While arguing that the normative prescriptions for the use of AI in legal practice are crucial, the author studies the use of Generative AI in legal practice specifically in the United States of America. The author assesses professional and judicial standards governing the use of GAI in the US and studies their relevance in other jurisdictions. The author then highlights the limits of continuing legal education to produce AI-powered Lawyers and proposes the revamping of the law school curriculum to align with emerging AI applications and regulatory standards. The paper written by Bakhtawar Ashraf discusses the effects of AI on human rights. The author argues that AI has more negative than positive impacts on various rights including equality, freedom of speech, freedom of employment etc. The author furthers her discussion by highlighting the infringements by AI of the rights to education, entertainment and other socio-political rights. The author while exploring the possibility of assigning legal personality to Artificial Intelligence tools, accentuates the need for developing regulatory frameworks and collaborations between states, AI system users and developers to control the adverse effects of AI on human rights. In the fourth paper, Syed Shaharyar Ahmed’s research addresses AI and digital human rights, using ChatGPT as a case example. The paper evaluates digital rights through the prism of human rights and underscores the need for a human-centred approach to AI. The paper studies various approaches to remedy the breaches of digital human rights and recommends ways to mitigate the fallout of AI’s use within the Human rights domain. In the last article, Abdullah Mohsin, Alexandros Anthis and Sabrina Camille review the Indus Water treaty in the context of India’s demands for renegotiations. The paper studies the historical background of the Indus Water Treaty and reviews the key treaty provisions. It elaborates upon the need for renegotiation of the treaty and proposes amendments keeping in view that the Indus Basin is situated in the area worst affected by climate change.  The proposed amendments include the utilisation of the river water, global climate change, utilisation of groundwater, joint basin development and enhancing the role of the Permanent Indus Commission.

We are thankful to the authors for their contributions to the Second volume, Issue 2 of UCP-JLLE and appreciate their patience through the strenuous review process. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all members of the Advisory Board for their guidance.